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Ranked-choice voting and the spoiler effect: a supplementary note

Author

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  • Nicholas R. Miller

    (University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC))

Abstract

This note supplements the recent work of McCune and Wilson (Public Choice 196(1–2):19–50, 2023) by providing a complete analysis of spoiler effects under both plurality voting and Ranked-Choice Voting in the case of three (potential) candidates. The trick for definitively identifying all spoiler possibilities under both voting rules in the three-candidate case is to partition the set of all three-candidate preference profiles into eight types by cross-classifying the candidates in terms of their plurality status and Condorcet relationships. The resulting typology allows us to identify the winners in all possible two-candidate and three-candidate elections under both voting rules and therefore suffices to identify all spoiler effects. It implies, among other things, that the set of profiles that are vulnerable to spoilers under Ranked-Choice Voting is a proper subset of those vulnerable to spoilers under plurality rule.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas R. Miller, 2024. "Ranked-choice voting and the spoiler effect: a supplementary note," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 198(1), pages 153-159, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:pubcho:v:198:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s11127-023-01116-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11127-023-01116-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adam Graham-Squire & David McCune, 2022. "A Mathematical Analysis of the 2022 Alaska Special Election for US House," Papers 2209.04764, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2022.
    2. Nicholas Miller, 2014. "The Alternative Vote and Coombs Rule versus First-Past-the-Post: a social choice analysis of simulated data based on English elections, 1992–2010," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 399-425, March.
    3. David McCune & Jennifer Wilson, 2023. "Ranked-choice voting and the spoiler effect," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 196(1), pages 19-50, July.
    4. Nicholas Miller, 2014. "Erratum to: The Alternative Vote and Coombs Rule Versus First-Past-The-Post: A Social Choice Analysis of Simulated Data Based on English Elections, 1992–2010," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 589-589, March.
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