IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/jrefec/v55y2017i3d10.1007_s11146-016-9590-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

REITs, Growth Options and Beta

Author

Listed:
  • Dogan Tirtiroglu

    (Isik University)

  • Thu Ha Nguyen

    (Monash University)

  • Ercan Tirtiroglu

    (University of Massachusetts Dartmouth)

  • Tan Cheng Wee

    (HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Singapore) Limited)

Abstract

Are REITs income stocks, only? Following Myers (1977) and Bernardo et al. (2007), we examine empirically REITs’ unlevered betas, betas of growth options, betas of assets-in-place and the difference between the latter two in detail for 1983–2012, and also for three sequential, distinct, and mutually-exclusive REIT sub-periods. We find that, (i) the betas of growth options are larger than those of assets-in-place, (ii) there are differences in these betas across Equity REITs’ sub-sectors and sub-periods, (iii) REITs with a high growth profile tend to employ more short-term debt and are mainly listed on NASDAQ, and (iv) the Global Financial Crisis has influenced considerably the beta estimates across all sub-sectors and REIT types. These findings raise a question mark about the ‘income stock, only’ description of REITs. Our findings have important implications for the cost of capital of REITs and their capital budgeting practices. We discuss them, when appropriate, with numerical examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Dogan Tirtiroglu & Thu Ha Nguyen & Ercan Tirtiroglu & Tan Cheng Wee, 2017. "REITs, Growth Options and Beta," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 370-394, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:jrefec:v:55:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s11146-016-9590-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11146-016-9590-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11146-016-9590-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11146-016-9590-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chui, Andy C. W. & Titman, Sheridan & Wei, K. C. John, 2003. "Intra-industry momentum: the case of REITs," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 363-387, May.
    2. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1992. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 427-465, June.
    3. John Campbell & Jianping Mei, 1993. "Where do Betas Come From? Asset Price Dynamics and the Sources of Systematic Risk," NBER Working Papers 4329, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Cornell, Bradford, 1999. "Risk, Duration, and Capital Budgeting: New Evidence on Some Old Questions," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(2), pages 183-200, April.
    5. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1997. "Industry costs of equity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 153-193, February.
    6. Ron Giammarino & Murray Carlson & Adlai Fisher, 2004. "Corporate Investment and Asset Price Dynamics: Implications for Post-SEO Performance," 2004 Meeting Papers 812, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    7. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:6:p:2577-2603 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Myers, Stewart C., 1977. "Determinants of corporate borrowing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 147-175, November.
    9. Jonathan B. Berk, 2004. "Valuation and Return Dynamics of New Ventures," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 17(1), pages 1-35.
    10. Hamada, Robert S, 1972. "The Effect of the Firm's Capital Structure on the Systematic Risk of Common Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 435-452, May.
    11. Antonio E. Bernardo & Bhagwan Chowdhry & Amit Goyal, 2007. "Growth Options, Beta, and the Cost of Capital," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 36(2), pages 1-13, July.
    12. Nusret Cakici & Isil Erol & Dogan Tirtiroglu, 2014. "Tracking the Evolution of Idiosyncratic Risk and Cross-Sectional Expected Returns for US REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 415-440, April.
    13. Brent W. Ambrose & Dong Wook Lee & Joe Peek, 2007. "Comovement After Joining an Index: Spillovers of Nonfundamental Effects," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 35(1), pages 57-90, March.
    14. Titman, Sheridan, 1985. "Urban Land Prices under Uncertainty," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(3), pages 505-514, June.
    15. Murray Carlson & Adlai Fisher & Ron Giammarino, 2006. "Corporate Investment and Asset Price Dynamics: Implications for SEO Event Studies and Long‐Run Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(3), pages 1009-1034, June.
    16. Andy C. W. Chui & Sheridan Titman & K. C. John Wei, 2003. "The Cross Section of Expected REIT Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 31(3), pages 451-479, September.
    17. Campbell, John Y & Mei, Jianping, 1993. "Where Do Betas Come From? Asset Price Dynamics and the," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(3), pages 567-592.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kola Ijasan & George Tweneboah & Maurice Omane-Adjepong & Peterson Owusu Junior, 2019. "On the global integration of REITs market returns: A multiresolution analysis," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1690211-169, January.
    2. Ying Zhang & J. Andrew Hansz, 2022. "Industry Concentration and U.S. REIT Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(1), pages 247-267, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Antonio E. Bernardo & Bhagwan Chowdhry & Amit Goyal, 2007. "Growth Options, Beta, and the Cost of Capital," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 36(2), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Cheng Wee Tan & Dogan Tirtiroglu & Ercan Tirtiroglu, 2013. "Reits' Growth Options and Asset Pricing Dynamics across Time," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 1303, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    3. Roberto Marfè, 2015. "Labor Rigidity and the Dynamics of the Value Premium," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 429, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    4. Schröder, David & Esterer, Florian, 2012. "A new measure of equity duration: The duration-based explanation of the value premium revisited," VfS Annual Conference 2012 (Goettingen): New Approaches and Challenges for the Labor Market of the 21st Century 62077, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. John Y. Campbell & Christopher Polk & Tuomo Vuolteenaho, 2010. "Growth or Glamour? Fundamentals and Systematic Risk in Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(1), pages 305-344, January.
    6. Tano Santos & Pietro Veronesi, 2005. "Cash-Flow Risk, Discount Risk, and the Value Premium," NBER Working Papers 11816, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. John Y. Campbell & Tuomo Vuolteenaho, 2004. "Bad Beta, Good Beta," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1249-1275, December.
    8. François Gourio, 2006. "Firms’ Heterogeneous Sensitivities to the Business Cycle, and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns," Boston University - Department of Economics - Working Papers Series WP2006-005, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    9. Drobetz, Wolfgang & Menzel, Christina & Schröder, Henning, 2016. "Systematic risk behavior in cyclical industries: The case of shipping," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 129-145.
    10. Michalis Makrominas, 2017. "Recognized intangibles and the present value of growth options," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 311-329, February.
    11. Alon Brav & Roni Michaely & Michael Roberts & Rebecca Zarutskie, 2009. "Evidence on the Trade‐Off between Risk and Return for IPO and SEO Firms," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 38(2), pages 221-252, June.
    12. Kisser, Michael & Rapushi, Loreta, 2022. "Equity issues, creditor control and market timing patterns: Evidence from leverage decreasing recapitalizations," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 196-216.
    13. Bhamra, Harjoat S. & Shim, Kyung Hwan, 2017. "Stochastic idiosyncratic cash flow risk and real options: Implications for stock returns," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 400-431.
    14. Cho, Thummim, 2018. "Turning alphas into betas: arbitrage and the cross-section of risk," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118915, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Mohrschladt, Hannes & Nolte, Sven, 2018. "A new risk factor based on equity duration," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 126-135.
    16. Kais Bouslah & Lawrence Kryzanowski & Bouchra M’Zali, 2018. "Social Performance and Firm Risk: Impact of the Financial Crisis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 643-669, May.
    17. Po-Hsuan Hsu & Dongmei Li & Qin Li & Siew Hong Teoh & Kevin Tseng, 2022. "Valuation of New Trademarks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(1), pages 257-279, January.
    18. Linnenluecke, Martina K. & Chen, Xiaoyan & Ling, Xin & Smith, Tom & Zhu, Yushu, 2017. "Research in finance: A review of influential publications and a research agenda," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 188-199.
    19. Shaun Bond & Chen Xue, 2017. "The Cross Section of Expected Real Estate Returns: Insights from Investment-Based Asset Pricing," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 403-428, April.
    20. Dirk Hackbarth & Richmond Mathews & David Robinson, 2014. "Capital Structure, Product Market Dynamics, and the Boundaries of the Firm," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(12), pages 2971-2993, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Beta; Growth option; Assets-in-place; REITs; REIT Maturity Era; Cost of capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:jrefec:v:55:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s11146-016-9590-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.