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How to Fight Hard Core Cartels? Comments on Collusion in Industrial Economics

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  • Yosuke Okada

Abstract

Industrial economics has successfully clarified the mechanism of collusive conduct and its facilitating factors. But policy implications for remedial actions are less straightforward. This paper provides some supplementary comments from the viewpoint of enforcement issues against price-fixing agreements. There are some disagreements among practitioners concerning the probative value of circumstantial (or economic) evidence. Information exchange may be a possible clue to elucidate the evidentiary standard. On the other hand, there seems to be a unanimous agreement, if appropriately designed, on the desirability of leniency programs. Necessity of leniency programs must be a reflection of stricter standard of proof in court decisions, resource constraints of antitrust enforcer, or increasingly defensive acts of conspirators. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005

Suggested Citation

  • Yosuke Okada, 2005. "How to Fight Hard Core Cartels? Comments on Collusion in Industrial Economics," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 223-229, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jincot:v:5:y:2005:i:3:p:223-229
    DOI: 10.1007/s10842-005-4872-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Motta,Massimo, 2004. "Competition Policy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521016919.
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    Cited by:

    1. Switgard Feuerstein, 2005. "Collusion in Industrial Economics—A Rejoinder," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 235-239, December.

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