Convergence in Global High Technology? / Konvergenz in der globalen Hochtechnologie?: A Decomposition and Specialisation. Analysis for Advanced Countries / Eine Dekompositions- und Spezialisierungsanalyse fortgeschrittener Volkswirtschaften

This paper investigates whether patterns of technological specialisation of advanced countries change over a period of time in which globalisation in technology occurs. The theoretical analysis of this question is based on models of new growth and trade theory - especially a model by Grossman/ Helpman (1991) - as well as on clues from evolutionary economics. The empirical analysis is divided into three parts. First, based on the patent applications in 42 R&D-intensive product groups of ten advanced countries, structural decomposition analysis is used to investigate the effects that determine growth in inventive activity. Secondly, the concepts of β- and σ-despecialisation (or specialisation), which are very similar to the concepts of β- and σ-convergence (or divergence), are applied to the same data to investigate whether the countries are converging in technology. Thirdly, for a longer but less disaggregated time series, the impact of the adaptation of technical knowledge on foreign product trade is examined by a multivariate autoregressive model (transfer function model). Taking all results together, evidence points to rather stable specialisations whereby the structural effects are not predominant. However, results indicating β-despecialisation also show that the majority of national innovation systems are now moving towards an average specialisation. Yet, country-specific economic structures seem to remain more important as global changes in technology, when their appropriation for international trade is concerned.