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Determinants of foreign direct investment flows to Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Nawaz Hakro
  • Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro

    (University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
    Shah Abdul Latif University, Pakistan)

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in dynamic econometric model on Pakistan economy data set (1970-2007). VAR, VEC, generalized impulse response functions, Granger causality, forecasting, three stage least square econometric techniques are used in empirical analysis. Results suggest cost related, macroeconomic factors and cumulative risk index variables are the major determinants emerged in short-run analysis. The results also suggest long run relationships among FDI, openness and macro economic factors consistently. Openness emerges as dominant factor in long run dynamics. Evidence suggests that determinant variables that exhibit short run dynamics may also exhibit long run dynamics and vice versa. The country requires to maintain macroeconomic stability and continuity in openness policies of reform processes of the last 20 years, along with maintaining cost advantage by controlling the level of prices, wage rate, cost of doing business and investment friendly environment. This implies continuity of sustained stable macro economic policies, improvement in country's risk profile followed by cost related and investment environment improving factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Nawaz Hakro & Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro, 2011. "Determinants of foreign direct investment flows to Pakistan," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 44(2), pages 217-242, January-M.
  • Handle: RePEc:jda:journl:vol.44:year:2011:issue2:pp:217-242
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Farah Siddiqui & Danish Ahmed Siddiqui, 2019. "Causality between Tourism and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(1), pages 27-44, March.
    2. Cem DoÄŸan & Ãœnal Arslan, 2016. "Political Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 6(5), pages 43-48, May.
    3. Mohammad Shaiful Islam & Ahmed Beloucif, 2024. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Studies," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 59(2), pages 309-337, May.
    4. Cem DoÄŸan & Ãœnal Arslan, 2016. "Political Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 6(5), pages 43-48, May.
    5. Uddin, Moshfique & Chowdhury, Anup & Zafar, Sheeba & Shafique, Sujana & Liu, Jia, 2019. "Institutional determinants of inward FDI: Evidence from Pakistan," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 344-358.
    6. AKBAR Minhas & AKBAR Ahsan, 2015. "An Empirical Analysis Of Foreign Direct Investment In Pakistan," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 10(1), pages 5-15, April.
    7. Niramaya Laksmitaningtyas & Wisnu Setiadi Nugroho, 2023. "Analyzing the Effects of Openness and Political Variables on FDI in Indonesia," Gadjah Mada Economics Working Paper Series 202303003, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Foreign Direct Investment; VAR model; Granger-causality; Impulse Response Functions; Variance Decompositions; Forecast; Error Variance; Determinants; and Policy Analysis; Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics
    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F50 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - General
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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