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Producción en empresas multiproducto, multi¬planta y multiobjetivo

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  • Cerón-Palma, Isidro

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional)

Abstract

El artículo tiene como objeto de estudio los procesos de producción que involucran situaciones con empresas multiproductos, empresas multiplantas y el análisis de los objetivos de las empresas. Se aborda la cuestión de si los resultados alcanzados en los procesos de maximización de los beneficios de las empresas de producción multiproducto, y de las empresas multiplanta, son consistentes con los resultados que se alcanzan en situaciones de producción uniproducto y uniplanta. Los resultados obtenidos son que la empresa competitiva multiproducto, para maximizar su beneficio, produce hasta que el precio es igual al costo marginal, por tanto, el bienestar de la sociedad sigue siendo máximo al igual que en el caso de la empresa competitiva uniproducto. En el caso de la empresa monopolista multiproducto y multiplanta, se encuentra que siguen las mismas reglas de maximización de beneficio que el monopolio uniproducto y uniplanta, respectivamente, con lo cual también se produce ineficientemente y el bienestar social es menor que en la situación competitiva.Finalmente, se destaca que en el estudio de la teoría de la empresa básicamente hay dos grandes enfoques de la empresa y sus objetivos: la teoría neoclásica y la teoría de los costos de transacción. En el estudio se reseñan los intentos por ampliar y mejorar los enfoques que buscan entender mejor a la empresa capitalista. Se muestra que hay una gran variedad de enfoques que se han centrando en modificar alguna parte del modelo de empresa neoclásica, y que sus resultados han representado algún avance. Se destaca que la teoría de los costos de transacción es de suma importancia porque permite comprender a la moderna corporación./ The article has as study object the production processes that involve situations with multiproduct companies, multiplant companies and the analysis of the objectives of the companies. It is questioned if the results reached in the processes of maximization of the benefits of the companies of multiproduct production, and multiplant companies, are consistent with the results that they have reached in situations of uniproduct production and uniplant. The obtained results are that the multiproduct competitive company, to maximize its benefit, produces until the price is similar to the marginal cost, therefore, the social welfare continues being maximum as same as in the subject of the competitive company uniproduct. In the case of the monopolist multiproduct and multiplant company it is found that they follow the same rules of maximization of benefit that the uniproduct and uniplant monopoly, respectively, with that which also takes place inefficiency and the social welfare is smaller than in the competitive situation. Finally, she stands out that in the study of the theory of the firm basically is two big perspectives of the company and their objectives, the neoclassical theory and the theory of the transaction costs. In the study the intents are pointed out to enlarge and to improve the focuses that look for to understand better to the capitalist company. It is shown that there is a great variety of perspectives that they are had centering in modifying some part of the pattern of neoclassical company, and that their results have represented some advance. It stands out that the theory of the transaction costs is of supreme importance because it allows to understand to the modern corporation.

Suggested Citation

  • Cerón-Palma, Isidro, 2008. "Producción en empresas multiproducto, multi¬planta y multiobjetivo," eseconomía, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(18), pages 103-132, segundo t.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:esecon:v:iii:y:2008:i:18:p:103-132
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