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A Single-Supplier, Multiple-Retailer Model with Single-Season, Multiple-Ordering Opportunities, and Fixed Ordering Cost

Author

Listed:
  • Apurva Jain

    (Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195)

  • Kamran Moinzadeh

    (Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195)

  • Yong-Pin Zhou

    (University of Hong Kong; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195)

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the replenishment decision of seasonal products in a two-echelon distribution system consisting of a supplier and multiple retailers. Because of long manufacturing lead time, the supplier orders its entire stock for the season well in advance. The retailers, on the other hand, can replenish their inventory from the supplier throughout the season as demand realizes. Demand at each retailer follows a Poisson process. Each retailer order incurs a fixed cost, and the usual understocking and overstocking costs occur. When retailer lead time is negligible, we show that it is optimal for the retailer to follow a time-based, order-up-to policy and order only when inventory is depleted. We also characterize the structure of the optimal policy and propose a number of heuristics for easier computation. For the supplier, we express the distribution of total demand. This allows the supplier to solve a classic newsvendor problem to determine the total stock for the season. We find that the optimal retailer policy can sometimes cause large demand variation for the supplier, resulting in lower supplier profit. In centralized settings, this may even result in lower system profit than some naïve retailer heuristics, creating inefficiency in the supply chain. We offer insights on potential causes and managerial implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Apurva Jain & Kamran Moinzadeh & Yong-Pin Zhou, 2012. "A Single-Supplier, Multiple-Retailer Model with Single-Season, Multiple-Ordering Opportunities, and Fixed Ordering Cost," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 60(5), pages 1098-1110, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:oropre:v:60:y:2012:i:5:p:1098-1110
    DOI: 10.1287/opre.1120.1078
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Athanasopoulos, George & Hyndman, Rob J. & Kourentzes, Nikolaos & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2017. "Forecasting with temporal hierarchies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(1), pages 60-74.
    3. Khouja, Moutaz & Christou, Eliana & Stylianou, Antonis, 2020. "A heuristic approach to in-season capacity allocation in a multi-product newsvendor model," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    4. Sun, Jiong & Debo, Laurens, 2014. "Sustaining long-term supply chain partnerships using price-only contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 233(3), pages 557-565.
    5. Mauricio Varas & Franco Basso & Armin Lüer-Villagra & Alejandro Mac Cawley & Sergio Maturana, 2019. "Managing premium wines using an $$(s - 1,s)$$ ( s - 1 , s ) inventory policy: a heuristic solution approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 280(1), pages 351-376, September.
    6. Khouja, Moutaz & Zhou, Jing, 2017. "An off-price retailer with two ordering opportunities and demand updating," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 128-138.

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