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An Empirical Formula for Visual Search

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  • Bernard O. Koopman

Abstract

This paper presents an empirically derived formula for computing the threshold contrast C for visually detecting distant objects in search situations. The threshold contrast is the value of contrast that produces detection probability 1/2 on a single glimpse of about 1/3 to 1 second in duration. The formula allows one to compute C as a function of background luminance, target angular area A , and an empirically determined constant K . For small A , the formula reduces to Ricco's law, which says that the threshold constrast C , and Area A , are directly proportional for small values of A . The limiting threshold contrast is determined by K . Results of fitting this formula to a set of observational data are shown. The formula provides a useful approximation for determining detection capability for planning visual searches.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard O. Koopman, 1986. "An Empirical Formula for Visual Search," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(3), pages 377-383, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:oropre:v:34:y:1986:i:3:p:377-383
    DOI: 10.1287/opre.34.3.377
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Shoou-Jiun & Batta, Rajan & Rump, Christopher M., 2005. "Stability of a crime level equilibrium," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 229-244, September.

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    Keywords

    751 visual search;

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