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Are QE and Conventional Monetary Policy Substitutable?

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Sims

    (Notre Dame and NBER)

  • Cynthia Wu

    (Notre Dame and NBER)

Abstract

Yes! We study the substitutability between conventional monetary policy based on the adjustment of a short-term policy interest rate with quantitative easing (QE). We do so in a four-equation New Keynesian model featuring financial frictions that allows QE to be economically relevant. We analytically derive how much QE versus conventional policy is necessary to implement an inflation target. Quantitatively, the observed expansion of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet over the zero lower bound (ZLB) period provides stimulus equivalent to cutting the policy rate to 2 percentage points below zero. This is in line with the decline in the empirical shadow federal funds rate series. Moreover, we show that the amount of QE required to achieve price stability depends on the expected duration of the ZLB.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Sims & Cynthia Wu, 2020. "Are QE and Conventional Monetary Policy Substitutable?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(1), pages 195-230, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:ijc:ijcjou:y:2020:q:0:a:4
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bonciani, Dario & Oh, Joonseok, 2023. "Revisiting the New Keynesian policy paradoxes under QE," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Ricardo J. Caballero & Alp Simsek, 2024. "Monetary Policy and Asset Price Overshooting: A Rationale for the Wall/Main Street Disconnect," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(3), pages 1719-1753, June.
    3. Altavilla, Carlo & Gürkaynak, Refet S. & Quaedvlieg, Rogier, 2024. "Macro and micro of external finance premium and monetary policy transmission," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(S).
    4. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Kok, Christoffer & Rottner, Matthias, 2023. "Reversal interest rate and macroprudential policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    5. Gregor Boehl & Gavin Goy & Felix Strobel, 2024. "A Structural Investigation of Quantitative Easing," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 106(4), pages 1028-1044, July.
    6. Dimakopoulou, Vasiliki & Economides, George & Philippopoulos, Apostolis & Vassilatos, Vanghelis, 2024. "Can central banks do the unpleasant job that governments should do?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    7. Levieuge, Grégory & Sahuc, Jean-Guillaume, 2021. "Downward interest rate rigidity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    8. Michael T. Kiley, 2020. "Pandemic Recession Dynamics: The Role of Monetary Policy in Shifting a U-Shaped Recession to a V-Shaped Rebound," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-083, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Callum J. Jones & Mariano Kulish & James Morley, 2021. "A Structural Measure of the Shadow Federal Funds Rate," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-064, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Vasiliki Dimakopoulou & George Economides & Apostolis Philippopoulos & Vanghelis Vassilatos, 2023. "Can central banks do the unpleasant job that governments should do?," Working Papers 324, Bank of Greece.
    11. Jing Cynthia Wu & Fan Dora Xia, 2020. "Negative interest rate policy and the yield curve," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(6), pages 653-672, September.
    12. Malliaropulos, Dimitris & Migiakis, Petros, 2023. "A global monetary policy factor in sovereign bond yields," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 445-465.
    13. von Campe, Roland, 2024. "Unconventional monetary policy, financial frictions, and the equity tandem," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    14. Jean-Guillaume Sahuc & Grégory Levieuge & José Garcia-Revelo, 2024. "Revisiting 15 Years of Unusual Transatlantic Monetary Policies," Working Papers hal-04563708, HAL.
    15. Fornero, Jorge & Kirchner, Markus & Molina, Carlos, 2024. "Estimating shadow policy rates in a small open economy and the role of foreign factors," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    16. Cardamone, Dario & Sims, Eric & Wu, Jing Cynthia, 2023. "Wall Street QE vs. Main Street Lending," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    17. An, Sungbae & Kim, Hyosang & Kim, Seung-Hyun & Yang, Da Young & Lee, Jinhee & Cho, Ko Un & Kim, Wongi & Kim, Jinill, 2021. "포스트 코로나 시대 주요국의 통화·재정정책 방향과 시사점(hanges, Challenges and Implications of Fiscal and Monetary Policy Directions in the Post Pandemic Era)," Policy Analyses 21-15, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
    18. Bonciani, Dario & Oh, Joonseok, 2021. "Optimal monetary policy mix at the zero lower bound," Bank of England working papers 945, Bank of England.
    19. Hohberger, Stefan & Ratto, Marco & Vogel, Lukas, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy: Comparing euro area and US models with shadow rates," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    20. Aymeric Ortmans, 2020. "Evolving Monetary Policy in the Aftermath of the Great Recession," Documents de recherche 20-01, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    21. Chattopadhyay, Siddhartha, 2020. "Forward guidance and quantitative easing at the Zero Lower Bound," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    22. Andrejs Zlobins, 2021. "On the Time-varying Effects of the ECB's Asset Purchases," Working Papers 2021/02, Latvijas Banka.
    23. Sims, Eric & Wu, Jing Cynthia, 2021. "Evaluating Central Banks’ tool kit: Past, present, and future," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 135-160.
    24. Alexandre Carrier & Kostas Mavromatis, 2024. "Optimal normalization policy under behavioral expectations," Working Papers 800, DNB.
    25. Harrison, Richard, 2024. "Optimal quantitative easing and tightening," Bank of England working papers 1063, Bank of England.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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