The national state and the concept of Sub-national groups: (Study in Ibn Khaldun's Al-Assaibya idea Chauvinism)

Ibn Khaldun is considered one of the first who addressed the role of "AL-ASSAIBYA" in the cohesion and stability of the society, followed by studies in the fields of sociology and political sociology by linking the social environment with its political engines internally and externally. The purpose of this paper is to link the variables of the local environment of the state with its sociological and socio-cultural components in the fields of comparative policy analysis, especially those that deal with the understanding of the subjects of democracy and political and social development. On the other hand, these socio-cultural dimensions are linked to the subjects of international relations and external environmental issues of the state. Therefore the region of the Middle East -by its political, social, cultural and even historical dimensions- is considered a fertile environment for studying the status of the sub-national group for understanding the interactions among political units , whether at the level of countries or societies or even among members of a single group, whose loyalties are divided according into intellectual or political data, especially in the light of two basic ideas in the approach of Ibn Khaldun: