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Depression, Self-Esteem, and Lifestyle Factors Among University Students in Singapore and Malaysia

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  • Gary Kwok

    (Monash University, Malaysia)

  • Cai Lian Tam

    (Monash University, Malaysia)

Abstract

Depression is one of the leading mental health disorders that occurs frequently among university students. Self-esteem and lifestyle factors are modifiable factors that have the potential of preventing depression. The study aimed to explore the relationship for depression, self-esteem, and lifestyle factors among university students in Singapore and Malaysia, and whether individual lifestyle factors mediate the relationship. Participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic, Beck Depression Inventory-ll. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire. Data analyses showed that low self-esteem, diet, high smoking, and stress predicted an increase in the level of depression. Stress was a significant mediator for self-esteem and depression. Findings suggested that those with low self-esteem perceived stress as unmanageable, thereby increasing the level of depression scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Gary Kwok & Cai Lian Tam, 2023. "Depression, Self-Esteem, and Lifestyle Factors Among University Students in Singapore and Malaysia," International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change (IJISSC), IGI Global, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:igg:jissc0:v:14:y:2023:i:1:p:1-18
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    File URL: http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijissc.314562
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