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Reservas internacionales en economías bimonetarias. Un análisis empírico

Author

Listed:
  • Evangelina Santilli

    (Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Economía y Finanzas (Buenos Aires, Argentina))

Abstract

Las reservas internacionales son un instrumento de los bancos centrales para proporcionar un seguro de liquidez y hacer frente a contingencias futuras y a cambios repentinos en los flujos de capitales. Existen tres reglas basadas en diferentes criterios para establecer cuál es el nivel óptimo de estos activos externos. Este trabajo propone sumar a los criterios existentes (criterio de la deuda, comercial y financiero) uno nuevo (regla con bimonetariedad). Dado que a la demanda de la autoridad monetaria se le adiciona la del sector privado, cuando la economía es bimonetaria, los criterios de optimalidad de activos externos deberían ser más rígidos. Se presenta una caracterización estilizada de las economías bimonetarias, y mediante un análisis empírico de los determinantes de las reservas internacionales para nueve economías de América Latina en el período 2000-2022, se presenta evidencia para la incorporación de un nuevo criterio que adicione a los requisitos de reservas (bimonetariedad). Los resultados indican que tanto la deuda externa de corto plazo, la fuga interna como el índice de dolarización influyen en los niveles de reservas y por lo tanto deberían ser consideradas en el requerimiento de estas. El resultado es importante pues permite generar una regla de optimalidad de reservas internacionales cuando se estudian economías bimonetarias./ International reserves are an instrument used by central banks to provide liquidity insurance and to deal with future uncertainties and sudden changes in capital flows. There are three rules based on different criteria to determine the optimal level of these external assets. This paper proposes to add a new criterion (rule with bimonetarity) to the existing ones (debt, commercial and financial criteria). Since the demand of the monetary authority is added to that of the private sector, when the economy is bimonetary, the criteria for the optimality of external assets should be more rigid. A stylized characterization of bimonetary economies is presented and, through an empirical analysis of the determinants of international reserves for nine Latin American economies for the period 2000-2022, evidence is provided for the inclusion of a new criterion in addition to reserve requirements (bimonetarity). The results indicate that short-term external debt, internal leakage, and the dollarization rate all affect reserve levels and should therefore be included in reserve requirements. The result is important because it allows us to generate an optimality rule for international reserves when studying bimonetary economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Evangelina Santilli, 2024. "Reservas internacionales en economías bimonetarias. Un análisis empírico," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 62(1), pages 37-69, Diciembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:reveye:v:62:y:2024:i:1:p:37-69
    DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2024.v62.n1.44491
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reservas internacionales óptimas; economías bimonetarias;

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems

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