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Historical Factors of Long-Term Economic Growth and Declination in Argentina: An analysis of the 20th Century

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Dabús

    (Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur (IIESS) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Bahía Blanca, Argentina))

  • Fernando Delbianco

    (Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur (IIESS) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Bahía Blanca, Argentina))

Abstract

This paper explores the historical long-term determinants of economic growth in Argentina along the XX century. The evidence indicates that at the beginning economic openness plays a key role to explain the successful performance achieved until the great crisis of 1930. From there on, and until the middle of the ´70s, Argentina maintained a similar growth of the previous period, which was driven by the domestic demand via investment. Nonetheless, in the last quarter of the past century economic growth slowed drastically, which was mainly associated with economic instability, approximated by inflation and the per capita growth rate output volatility. The intuition is that once the country lost foreign markets for its exports, could temporarily sustain growth thanks to domestic demand, but once this strategy petered out the economy was signed by a long period of turbulence and stagnation, specifically since 1975 onwards. Thus, economic policy recommendations are to develop new led export-oriented sectors, so that alleviate the external restriction, as to avoid procyclical policies in order to reduce the economic instability./ Este trabajo explora los determinantes históricos del crecimiento económico de largo plazo en Argentina durante el siglo pasado. La evidencia indica que a principios de siglo la apertura económica jugó un rol clave para explicar el exitoso desempeño alcanzado hasta la gran crisis de 1930. De ahí en más, y hasta mediados de los ´70s, la economía mantuvo un crecimiento similar al del periodo previo, el cual estuvo impulsado por la demanda doméstica vía la inversión. Sin embargo, en el último cuarto del siglo pasado el crecimiento económico se redujo drásticamente, lo cual estuvo principalmente asociado con la inestabilidad económica, aproximada por la inflación y la volatilidad del crecimiento del producto per cápita. La intuición es que una vez que el país perdió mercados para sus exportaciones pudo mantener temporariamente el crecimiento gracias a la demanda interna, pero una vez que esta estrategia se agotó la economía entró en un largo periodo de turbulencia y estancamiento, específicamente desde 1975 en adelante. Por tanto, las recomendaciones de política son desarrollar nuevos sectores productivos orientados a la exportación, de manera de mitigar la restricción externa, así como evitar políticas procíclicas a fin de reducir la inestabilidad económica.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Dabús & Fernando Delbianco, 2023. "Historical Factors of Long-Term Economic Growth and Declination in Argentina: An analysis of the 20th Century," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 61(1), pages 43-70, Diciembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:reveye:v:61:y:2023:i:1:p:43-70
    DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2023.v61.n1.44195
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Long term growth; economic instability; Argentina; 20th Century;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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