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Pasado y posibles futuros del sector eléctrico argentino

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Romero

    (Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires (IIEP-Baires), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas - Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET (Argentina))

  • Gustavo Ferro

    (Profesor Asociado de la UCEMA e Investigador Independiente del CONICET (Argentina))

Abstract

El artículo describe la modernización del sector eléctrico argentino en los años 1990s, impulsada por cambios tecnológicos, privatización y regulación a través de agencias especializadas, dentro de un contexto macroeconómico de estabilización. Tras la crisis de 2001, las tarifas fueron congeladas, lo que generó distorsiones con fuertes subsidios y menos influencia de las herramientas de mercado. El trabajo plantea la exploración de nuevas organizaciones institucionales que incentiven la modernización como en los 1990s, pero que también aborden problemas regulatorios relacionados con la inversión en generación, equidad distributiva y desarrollos tecnológicos recientes como la generación distribuida, energías renovables y medidores inteligentes. Se cuestiona el impacto de las reformas de los 1990s, se analizan experiencias positivas y negativas, y se discuten posibles diseños institucionales que promuevan eficiencia, equidad y una transición ordenada hacia la nueva tecnología./ The Argentinean electricity sector was modernized in the 1990s with aims to promote technological change, privatization, and regulation through specific agencies, alongside a macroeconomic stabilization plan. After the 2001 crisis, tariffs were frozen, leading to distortions characterized by heavy subsidies and reduced reliance on market mechanisms. The exploration focuses on alternative institutional frameworks aiming to recreate strong modernization incentives seen in the 1990s, while addressing regulatory issues related to investment incentives in generation, equity distribution, and recent technological developments (such as distributed generation, increasing role of renewables, and smart meters). The analysis questions the outcomes of the 1990s reforms, considering both positive and negative experiences, and discusses potential institutional designs that could simultaneously enhance efficiency, equity, and facilitate an orderly transition to new technological advancements.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Romero & Gustavo Ferro, 2024. "Pasado y posibles futuros del sector eléctrico argentino," Revista Actualidad Económica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 34(112), pages 25-50, Ene-Abr.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:revaec:v:34:y:2024:i:112:p:25-50
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mercado eléctrico; regulación; Argentina;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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