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Inclusion in entrepreneurship, especially of women, youth and unemployed: status and an agenda for research in Middle East and North Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Ayman Ismail
  • Ahmed Tolba
  • Seham Ghalwash
  • Ayman Alkhatib
  • Emine Esra Karadeniz
  • Khalid El Ouazzani
  • Fatima Boutaleb
  • Lotfi Belkacem
  • Thomas Schøtt

Abstract

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has a desire to include more people in entrepreneurship, especially women, youth, and unemployed. The question here is, how are gender, age, and occupation affecting entry, including entry pulled by opportunity and pushed by necessity? The study analyses a large representative sample of adults around MENA, surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Analyses show in detail how occupations depend on gender and age, and show the potential for turning intention into upstarts, especially in disadvantaged segments. Policies for entrepreneurship in MENA may utilise some of the findings. Notably, the study shows that inclusion of women, youth, and unemployed may be potentially be considerably enhanced through policies. These disadvantaged segments frequently intend to become entrepreneurs, but they tend not to enact their vocational intents.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayman Ismail & Ahmed Tolba & Seham Ghalwash & Ayman Alkhatib & Emine Esra Karadeniz & Khalid El Ouazzani & Fatima Boutaleb & Lotfi Belkacem & Thomas Schøtt, 2018. "Inclusion in entrepreneurship, especially of women, youth and unemployed: status and an agenda for research in Middle East and North Africa," World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(4), pages 528-547.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:wremsd:v:14:y:2018:i:4:p:528-547
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    Cited by:

    1. Muneera Al-Qahtani & Mariem Fekih Zguir & Luluwah Al-Fagih & Muammer Koç, 2022. "Women Entrepreneurship for Sustainability: Investigations on Status, Challenges, Drivers, and Potentials in Qatar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-27, March.

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