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The relationship between energy consumption, trade, GDP (economic growth), population growth and carbon emissions: a recent evidence from South Africa

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  • Fortune Ganda

Abstract

This article examines the long-run as well as causal relationship between energy consumption, trade, GDP (economic growth), population growth and carbon emissions in South Africa over a 39-year period (1975 to 2013). Unit root tests procedures determined that the series was stationary and the Johansen co-integration tests proved that they were co-integrated. The VEC model indicated the existence of four forms of long-run relationships in which all variables determined carbon emissions, energy consumption, GDP (economic growth) and trade, respectively within the South African scenario, with the exception of population growth. Granger-causality tests showed that trade and energy consumption develop bidirectional relationships with carbon emissions while GDP (economic growth) and population growth form unidirectional relationships with such emissions. Furthermore, impulse-response analysis showed that carbon emissions' response to both GDP (economic growth) and population growth is insignificant while that to both trade and energy consumption is significant and indicated a constant trend within the considered 30-year period horizon.

Suggested Citation

  • Fortune Ganda, 2018. "The relationship between energy consumption, trade, GDP (economic growth), population growth and carbon emissions: a recent evidence from South Africa," International Journal of Sustainable Economy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(2), pages 99-122.
  • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijsuse:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:99-122
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    Cited by:

    1. Omed Rafiq Fatah & Hatem Hatef Abdulkadhim Altaee, 2024. "The Role of Political Stability in Nine Arab Natural Resource-Abundant Countries (ANRAC) Toward Environmental Sustainability through CO2 Mitigation," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 28-37, May.
    2. Fatima Sharif & Ihsanullah Hussain & Maria Qubtia, 2023. "Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission and Economic Growth at Aggregate and Disaggregate Level: A Panel Analysis of the Top Polluted Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Tehreem Fatima & Grzegorz Mentel & Buhari Doğan & Zeeshan Hashim & Umer Shahzad, 2022. "Investigating the role of export product diversification for renewable, and non-renewable energy consumption in GCC (gulf cooperation council) countries: does the Kuznets hypothesis exist?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 8397-8417, June.

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