Deployment of operational performance indicators in failure mode effect and analysis application: a literature review and classification

Failure mode effect and analysis (FMEA) is a well-known methodology for improving operational performance, such as the quality, cost, and delivery time of a product, process, or system. However, the success of FMEA in operational performance cannot be quantified at present. The risk priority number (RPN), which is the only indicator of FMEA, has no relationship with operational performance. For example, a reduction in RPN may not benefit operational performance, particularly if the corrective action is to enhance detection. Thus, the capability of FMEA to improve operational performance cannot be validated unless it demonstrates quantifiable operational performance. An organisation is distinct from its competitors based on its operational performance and not based on RPN. The missing operational performance measurement practice in FMEA is essential for further strengthening the FMEA methodology. This study aims to identify the most effective methodology and approach for quantifying the success of FMEA in operational performance through a systematic review and to classify FMEA articles that measured operational performance.