Optimal pricing decisions in a two echelon green/non-green resilient supply chain for substitute and complementary products considering disruption risk

In this paper, a pricing model is presented for substitute and complementary products, where the manufacturers 2 and 3 products are alternatives while manufacturer 1 produces a complimentary product for the others. The first manufacturer produces one green product that increases the tendency of customers for buying this product and its substitutes which brings more costs to the supply chain. Hence, the relationship between the manufacturers and the distributor is modelled by both cooperative and non-cooperative games. In the first model, the whole system works integrally, whereas, in the non-cooperative game, the model is analysed by the Stackelberg equilibrium where the manufacturers have disregarded leaders and the distributor is a follower. Moreover, potential disruption risks between the manufacturer and the distributor are considered in the current paper which means only a percentage of the distributor's order quantity can be fulfilled by the manufacturer during disruption conditions. The optimal prices and the green degree for the products have been achieved parametrically using KKT conditions and finally, a numerical example is presented to describe the model.