Trade-offs between energy, the economy, amenity, and education: findings from Indonesia

This study examined the trade-offs among energy, the economy, amenity and education concerning the implementation of renewable energy in Indonesia. The objective was to offer a comprehensive understanding of the economic and environmental advantages associated with renewable energy and to investigate the role of education in fostering social acceptance. The data was obtained by conducting a survey among local tourists at Pangandaran Beach in Indonesia, using random sampling techniques. The research assesses the level of acceptance regarding the potential integration of wind turbines, consistent with the national energy system development policy. The results show that there is a well-informed stakeholder group who have positive toward the deployment of wind turbines. Meanwhile, some objections were raised against visual impacts, but most tourists felt that wind turbine deployment would not inconvenience or have major impacts on marine ecosystems. Furthermore, this study discussed the challenges related to stakeholder engagement in energy policy development. It also provided a contrast by comparing findings from other countries and identified potential knowledge gaps specific to the Indonesian case.