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The social cluster of gender, agency and entrepreneurship

Author

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  • Gloria Haddad
  • Mark Esposito
  • Terence Tse

Abstract

Scholars have been concerned with studying gender variations and their implications on various measures of entrepreneurial performance (Gupta et al., 2009). As gender effects cannot always provide substantial meaning of a particular phenomenon (Ahl, 2006) this paper studies entrepreneurship from a social cognitive perspective and inductively explores differences and commonalities across gender. Entrepreneurship is a driver of economic growth however scarce are the articles tackling the Middle East region (Naguib and Jamali, 2015). In-depth interviews are conducted with 30 Lebanese entrepreneurs to understand the social factors which influence entrepreneurial aspirations in this particular context. Results reveal that entrepreneurship is bound to self-efficacy beliefs, which are the produce of stereotyping effects and social expectations of men and women, of educational practices, of occupational systems and socialisation experiences. The authors propose learning models, which advance knowledge and bring practical contributions to education and training fields to create more conducive environments for entrepreneurship.

Suggested Citation

  • Gloria Haddad & Mark Esposito & Terence Tse, 2016. "The social cluster of gender, agency and entrepreneurship," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 28(4), pages 431-450.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:28:y:2016:i:4:p:431-450
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    Cited by:

    1. José Alberto Martínez-González & Carmen Dolores Álvarez-Albelo & Javier Mendoza-Jiménez & Urszula Kobylinska, 2022. "Predicting the Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Starting Up a New Company: A Regional Study Using PLS-SEM and Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-25, February.
    2. Demirbağ Orkun & Demirbağ Kübra Şimşek & Batı Gülgönül Bozoğlu, 2022. "Women Entrepreneurs’ Education Level, Political Skill, and Firm Performance: Political Influence and Human Capital Theories," Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Sciendo, vol. 30(1), pages 40-69, March.
    3. Muneera Al-Qahtani & Mariem Fekih Zguir & Ibrahim Ari & Muammer Koç, 2022. "Female Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Economy and Development—Challenges, Drivers, and Suggested Policies for Resource-Rich Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-39, October.

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