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New Zealand necessity entrepreneurs

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  • Alex Maritz

Abstract

The necessity entrepreneur (NE) is someone who never considered starting or owning a business until there was no other option. Using the methodology of the global entrepreneurship monitor, this paper examines New Zealand necessity entrepreneurs in the light of propositions cited in the literature that NE is associated with three factors: positively with economic growth (real GDP growth rate); positively with unemployment (unemployment rate); negatively with a generous welfare system (expenditures on social security). Factor 1 is confirmed through the GEM data; Factors 2 and 3 are not supported by the data. Immigration is seen as a possible contributory factor to the moderately high NE rates in New Zealand. In addition, unique characteristics of migrant necessity entrepreneurs pave ways for initiatives and intervention by local governments.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Maritz, 2004. "New Zealand necessity entrepreneurs," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 1(3/4), pages 255-264.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:1:y:2004:i:3/4:p:255-264
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nyoni, Thabani, 2018. "Switching from Job Seekers to Job Creators: Transmogrifying Necessity Entrepreneurs and Ratifying Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe," MPRA Paper 88840, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Serge Francis Simen, 2018. "Dynamique de l'entrepreneuriat informel au Sénégal : caractéristiques et particularités," Post-Print halshs-01782037, HAL.
    3. Croitoru Alin, 2019. "No Entrepreneurship without Opportunity: The Intersection of Return Migration Research and Entrepreneurship Literature," Social Change Review, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 33-60, December.
    4. Alin Croitoru, 2020. "Great Expectations: A Regional Study of Entrepreneurship Among Romanian Return Migrants," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    5. Cristina Di Stefano, 2018. "The Business Transfer through the Cooperative Model. A Comparative Analysis Italy-France," Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, vol. 7(2), pages 62-86.
    6. Konon, Alexander, 2015. "Personality traits, subjective learning, and entrepreneurial decision making," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 112805, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    7. Colin C. Williams & Youssef Youssef, 2014. "Is Informal Sector Entrepreneurship Necessity- or Opportunity-driven? Some Lessons from Urban Brazil," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 3(1), pages 41-53, March.
    8. Joseph G. M. Lutta, 2024. "Can International Business and Entrepreneurship be the Catalysts for Economic Growth in Africa?," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(2), pages 465-477, February.
    9. Quynh Duong Phuong & Aki Harima, 2019. "The impact of cultural values on Vietnamese ethnic entrepreneurs in Germany," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 15(2), pages 85-116.
    10. Mukesh Sud & Craig VanSandt, 2015. "Identity Rights: A Structural Void in Inclusive Growth," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(3), pages 589-601, December.
    11. Joern Block & Karsten Kohn & Danny Miller & Katrin Ullrich, 2015. "Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 37-54, January.

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