H. Maksudi's First-Reader "Mogallim eyvel" ("The Former Teacher") (The End of the XIX – The Beginning of the XX Century): Origin, Text and Interpretation

The topic under study is vital due to the fact that interest in the history of Tatar people has recently increased and, first of all, attention is drawn to the problems connected with formation and development of national cultural traditions. The report investigates the ABC-book as a special type of a narrative on studying history of childhood and the traditions of the Tatar national pedagogics. The object of studies as a historical source is the analysis of the Tatar first-reader by a famous public figure of the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century H. Maksudi. The paper presents a new secular system of teaching at Tatar schools, the importance of the first ABC-books in training and educating younger generation. The principle approaches in the research are comparative historical and logical methods. Primarily, research is based on the texts of Tatar first-readers by H. Maksudi. Therefore, the main results of the research lie in the analysis of information opportunities of the texts on history of Tatar childhood of Jadidism period. Language specification of the reflection of "nursery" and "adult" daily life in the verbal and visual text of the ABC-book by H. Maksudi are revealed, the role of the Tatar first-reader in formation of national consciousness of children is shown. Research materials, except theoretical, are of applied significance and can be used in classrooms in higher education institutions and schools when studying the history of Tatar national ABC-book.