Influence of the Soil Solarization Management and Fertilizer on Soil Temperature under Different Soil Tillage Systems

The soil tillage system can notably influence soil solarization system under dry land farming in semiarid areas. Field experiments were conducted from 6/6/2013 to 1/9/2013, to evaluate the effects of soil tillage system, soil solarization system and fertilizer type on soil temperature at three depths as well as influence at gap between the mulch and soil surface. The experiment included three experimental factors. The first factor, soil tillage systems (moldboard plowing followed by spring disking {MP}, Rotary plough {RP}), the second factor represent the soil mulching systems in three levels (transparent mulch, black mulch and without mulch {control}), the third factor includes three fertilizers types (compose fertilizer; in compose fertilizer and chemical fertilizer). The results showed that the experimental factors effects on soil temperature, when used soil tillage system (MP), the higher soil temperature recorded at 10 cm depth ,its value 70 oC ( time 11 am) when mean solar radiation 1146 w/m2 in soil transparent mulching system and chemical fertilizer, as well as for treatment soil black mulch and compose fertilizer, but the lower soil temperature recorded at 30 cm depth, its value 35.8 oC (time 1 pm) when mean solar radiation 1147 w/m2 in soil transparent mulch and chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest soil temperature recorded at 10 cm depth, when used soil tillage system (RP), its value 78.3 oC (time 11 am) when mean solar radiation 1125 w/m2 in soil black mulch and chemical fertilizer, but the low soil temperature recorded at 30 cm depth, its value 41 oC (time 3 pm) when mean solar radiation 900 w/m2 in soil transparent mulch and compose fertilizer treatment. Moreover, the results showed the maximum temperature at gap between the mulch and the soil surface occurs at noon. Addition the obtained results demonstrated that all soil mulching system raised soil temperature substantially compared with without mulched.