In vitro Plants of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Obtained by Direct Organogenesis

Common bean crops are staple food of great economic importance in developing countries and the most important source of plant protein around the world. Nevertheless, an efficient and reliable regeneration method is still lacking for this crop. Here it is described two economically important bean varieties, Bayomex (BAY) and Flower of May 199 (FM199), that yielded 84 and 78% explants with shoots and developed 3.6 and 2.61 shoots per explant respectively, in MS culture media with B5 vitamins (MSB5) and 10 µM benzylaminopurine (BAP). Multiple shoots of BAY and FM199 were promoted in MSB5 with BAP or thidiazuron (TDZ). Using 4.54 µM TDZ induced 2.5 and 2.9 shoots per explant and at 4.44 µM BAP 1.7 and 2.2 shoots per explant were formed in BAY and FM199, respectively. In the hypocotyl zone, rooting was induced with TDZ between 0.41 and 1.73 µM and with BAP between 0.44 and 1.68 µM. Callus was induced with 2.72 and 4.54 µM TDZ, adding 2.66 and 4.44 µM BAP. The FM199 shoots obtained with 2.72 and 4.54 µM TDZ and subsequently cultured in media with 2.72 µM TDZ promoted plant development and regeneration. There was an increase a 4.44 shoots per explant using the BAY variety with TDZ and subsequently grown with 4.44 µM BAP. Rooting of shoots was promoted in the media with 0.44 µM BAP or without phytoregulators. Regenerated plants were acclimatized in soil, grew normally and developed seeds.