Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Micropropagated Plants of Sugarcane and SCMV Screening through ELISA

Callogenesis is a helping tool in tissue culture for creating variation. The study was carried out to investigate the response of different sugarcane varieties to callogenesis in order to analyze variation for sugarcane mosaic virus resistance. Three sugarcane accessions viz HSF-242, S2003-US-623, and S2003-US-633 were used in this study. The genotypes showed high value of callus score ranging from 2.59 to 3.25. Genotype HSF-242 was highest callus producer with an average score of 3.25. Three different media were used for organogenesis. S2003-US-633 proved to be the most responsive to organogenesis with an average of 43.33%. Material was exposed to shooting and rooting media and somaclones were shifted to green house. The somaclones produced were screened for sugarcane mosaic virus by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Among 10 parent plants and 32 somaclones of HSF-242, only four somaclones showed susceptibility to SCMV disease while seven (7) parents showed positive reaction to the disease. Somaclones produced were also analyzed by microsattelite molecular markers to check the variation between parents and somaclones produced at molecular level. Molecular markers are useful for assessment of variation and phylogenetic relationships. Out of thirty (30) fragments amplified with fifteen (15) primers used among the sugarcane somaclones and parents, eleven (11) bands were polymorphic while rest of the nineteen (19) bands were monomorphic. Therefore, it may be concluded from the present results that SSRs can be used for identification of somaclonal variation and the relationship between parents and Somaclones.