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Financial Inclusion, GDP and Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Salome Musau
  • Stephen Muathe
  • Lucy Mwangi

Abstract

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the synergies and trade-offs between financial inclusion and credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. The paper analyzed the effect of financial inclusion on credit risk and the moderation effect of GDP on commercial banks in Kenya. Financial inclusion was measured using three dimensions of bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage, while credit risk was represented by the non performing loans ratio. The study was anchored on financial intermediation theory supported by finance growth theory and asymmetry information theory. The target population was all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The study used secondary data collected from Central Bank of Kenya annual reports; commercial banks of Kenya published audited financial statements and annual data from Central Bureau of statistics of Kenya for the period between 2007-2015. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel multiple regression analysis. The results obtained found that bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage had significant effect on credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. GDP growth rate was found to partially moderate the relationship between financial inclusion and credit risk. From the findings the study concluded that financial inclusion has a significant effect on credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. The study also recommended that commercial banks in Kenya to negotiate with Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance to put policies which support favorable macroeconomic variables especially GDP which influences the level of financial inclusion and bank credit risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Salome Musau & Stephen Muathe & Lucy Mwangi, 2018. "Financial Inclusion, GDP and Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in Kenya," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(3), pages 181-195, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:ijefaa:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:181-195
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tanni Roy & Md. Emran Hossain & Md. Jahid Ebn Jalal & Jiban Krishna Saha & Eshrat Sharmin & Md. Akhtaruzzaman Khan, 2021. "Effects of credit on national and agricultural GDP, and poverty: a developing country perspective," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(10), pages 1-20, October.
    2. João Jungo & Mara Madaleno & Anabela Botelho, 2022. "Financial Regulation, Financial Inclusion and Competitiveness in the Banking Sector in SADC and SAARC Countries: The Moderating Role of Financial Stability," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Blandina Walowe Kori & Stephen M. A. Muathe & Samuel Mwangi Maina, 2020. "Financial and Non-Financial Measures in Evaluating Performance: The Role of Strategic Intelligence in the Context of Commercial Banks in Kenya," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(10), pages 130-130, October.
    4. Kahihu Peter Karugu & Wachira D. Muturi & Stephen M. A. Muathe, 2020. "Market Risks, Firms’ Size and Financial Performance: Reality or Illusion in Microfinance Institutions in Kenya," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(11), pages 118-118, November.
    5. Meshesha Demie Jima & Patricia Lindelwa Makoni, 2023. "Causality between Financial Inclusion, Financial Stability and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    6. Douglas Ouso Nyokwoyo & Salome Musau & Margret Kosgei, 2023. "Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion among Youth Operating Businesses in Central Business District Nairobi City County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(11), pages 429-445, December.
    7. Yang, Fan & Masron, Tajul Ariffin, 2024. "Role of financial inclusion and digital transformation on bank credit risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    8. Bassam Al-Own & Tareq Bani-Khalid, 2021. "Financial Inclusion and Tax Revenue: Evidence From Europe," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(2), pages 27-42, April.
    9. Mary Juliet Nakabugo & Stephen Muathe & Evans Mwasiaji, 2023. "Conceptualizing Microfinance Services, Government Regulation and Performance in the Context of Coffee Entrepreneurs: A Theoretical Review," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 16(4), pages 1-1, February.
    10. Silas Alumasa & Stephen Muathe, 2021. "Mobile Credit and Performance: Experience and Lessons from Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 11(4), pages 1-6.
    11. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu & Adamu, Ahmed, 2021. "Does financial inclusion reduce non-performing loans and loan loss provisions?," MPRA Paper 109321, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Mohamed Hossameldin Khalifa & Hassan El-Sady & Vasilya Sultanova, 2023. "Does Financial Inclusion Enhance Economic Output? Evidence from North Africa," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 12, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial inclusion; GDP growth rate; credit risk; Kenya;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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