Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Its Resistance Profiles in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit

Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity, mortality and economic problems especially for patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) ward. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU, identify the causative bacteria and their resistance profiles. This cross sectional study was performed on 214 patients who were admitted in the ICU ward of a general hospital requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Identification of HABP was based on the clinical signs manifested 48 h or more after admission, new chest X-ray infiltrates and microbiologic examination of endo tracheal secretion. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 to perform the descriptive statistics. The isolated gram negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (12.5%), Escherichia coli (12.5%) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (6.3%). The maximum antimicrobial resistance of gram negative bacteria was to Cefazolin (100%) and Ampicillin (84.6%), while antimicrobial resistance to Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Amoxycillin+clavulanate, Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and Ciprofloxacin was 33.3%. No resistance was seen towards carbapenems.The most frequent gram negative isolated bacterium was K. pneumoniae, and maximum antimicrobial resistance rate was observed for Cefazolin and Ampicillin, which is due to betalactamase production.