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The Causality between Quality environment, Income and Openness in Oil Exporting Countries: Panel Cointegration and Causality

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  • Mohsen Mehrara
  • Abbas Rezazadeh Karsalari
  • Maysam Musai

Abstract

This paper investigates the causal relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP in a panel of 11 selected oil exporting countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2011. A three-variable model is formulated with openness as the third variable. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables. CO2 emissions have a positive long-run relationship with per capita income as well as openness, indicating economic growth tends to worsen environmental quality. The Granger Causality test indicates strong unidirectional effects from GDP and openness to CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohsen Mehrara & Abbas Rezazadeh Karsalari & Maysam Musai, 2014. "The Causality between Quality environment, Income and Openness in Oil Exporting Countries: Panel Cointegration and Causality," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 4(11), pages 355-364, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:4:y:2014:i:11:p:355-364
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Panel Unit Root; Panel Cointegration; Granger Causality; Environmental quality; Openness; Oil Exporting Countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - General
    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment

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