Equivalent SM Controller for Load-Sharing and Dynamic Performance in a DC Microgrid Application

Load-sharing and voltage regulation are key challenges in low voltage dc microgrid systems. Droop-based decentralized control methods are used to control dc grids which cannot achieve these challenges simultaneously due to unequal voltages and load power variations. Centralized control schemes can achieve these challenges using high bandwidth communication. However, the failure of a single central controller can degrade performance and reliability. In addition, cascaded proportional-integral (PI) type controllers are used to control the voltage and current loop of each power electronic converter. These controllers suffer stability and show slower dynamic responses. Furthermore, control parameters cannot be optimized for different operating conditions. To address these challenges, a distributive control method using an equivalent sliding mode (SM) controller utilizing low bandwidth communication is proposed in this paper. The distributive method improves reliability and achieves load sharing and voltage regulation simultaneously. Furthermore, in SM, both voltage and current loop operate in the parallel configuration which improves the dynamic response and shows stability in all operating conditions. To analyze, a system model is developed, and existence and stability conditions are verified. Detailed simulations are carried out to show the steady-state and transient performance. The presented results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.