Mathematical Problems in Engineering Landscape Ecological Security Assessment and Ecological Pattern Optimization of Inland River Basins in Arid Regions: A Case Study in Tarim River Basin

Tarim River Basin (TRB), located at the Eurasia center, is a typical arid inland basin. It is critical to maintain the ecological security of TRB for the sustainable development of oases. With the inputs of four period land use data, the landscape ecological risk assessment model, the minimum cumulative resistance model, and network analysis were applied to analyze the landscape ecological security pattern and to optimize the landscape pattern. The results show that, during the period 1990–2020, (1) landscape ecological risks of TRB increased by 1.76%; (2) landscape ecological risks tend to agglomerate in space in each period. The clusters of high-high risk are mainly distributed in the central and eastern desert areas, while low-low risk clusters are mainly distributed in watersheds Oasis and mountains. (3) Ecological security pattern network of the basin becomes more complex and better. The optimized pattern, called Oasis Corridor Functional Area with one ring, two screens, two belts, ten corridors, and multicenter, is expected to provide reference for the ecological environment management and restoration.