Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System Control Strategy for Pure Electric Vehicle Based on Typical Driving Cycle

Taking a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of a battery and an ultracapacitor as the study object, this paper studies the energy management strategy (EMS) and optimization method of the hybrid energy storage system in the energy management and control strategy of a pure electric vehicle (EV) for typical driving cycles. The structure and component model of the HESS are constructed. According to the fuzzy control strategy, aimed at the roughness of the membership function in EMS, optimization strategies based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are proposed; these use energy consumption as their optimal objective function. Based on the improved EV model, the fuzzy control strategy is studied in MATLAB/Advisor, and two control strategies are obtained. Compared with the simulation results based on three driving cycles, urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), new European driving cycle (NEDC), and ChinaCity, the optimum control strategy were obtained. The theoretical minimum energy consumption of HESS was reached by dynamic programming (DP) algorithm in the same simulation environment. The research shows that, compared with the PSO, the output current peak and current fluctuation of the battery optimized by the GA are lower and more stable, and the total energy consumption is reduced by 3–9% in various simulation case studies. Compared with the theoretical minimum value, the deviation of energy consumption simulated by GA-Fuzzy Control is 0.6%.