Effect of Intervention of Vaccination and Treatment on the Transmission Dynamics of HBV Disease: A Mathematical Model Analysis

Hepatitis B is a globally infectious disease. It is pretty contagious and can be transmitted by blood or bodily fluids, through things like sharing razors and toothbrushes. It has been called the silent killer because it is asymptomatic, one might have the virus but not know until it manifests itself until much later. Since people do not give attention, it will develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma that leads to liver transplantation and death. This nature of HBV disease motivated us to perform this work. Mathematical modeling of HBV transmission is an interesting research area. In this paper, we present characteristics of HBV virus transmission in the form of a mathematical model. We proposed and analyzed a compartmental nonlinear deterministic mathematical model SEACTR for transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus disease. In this model, we used force infection which takes the contact rate of susceptible population and transmission probability into account. We proved that the solution of the considered dynamical system is positive and bounded. The model is studied qualitatively using the stability theory of differential equations and the effective reproductive number which represents the epidemic indicator is obtained from the largest eigenvalue of the next-generation matrix. Both local and global asymptotic stability conditions for disease-free and endemic equilibria are determined. The sensitivity index shows that the transfer rate from exposed class to acute infective class and transfer rate from exposed class to chronic infective class are the most dominant parameters contributing to the transmission of HBV. On the one hand, the vaccination rate and treatment rate are the parameters that suppress the transmission of the disease the most, and enhancing the vaccination rate for newborns and treatment for chronically infected individuals is very effective to stop the transmission of HBV. The combined efforts of vaccination, effective treatment, and interruption of transmission make elimination of the infection plausible and may eventually lead to the eradication of the virus.