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From Fibonacci Sequence to the Golden Ratio

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  • Alberto Fiorenza
  • Giovanni Vincenzi

Abstract

We consider the well-known characterization of the Golden ratio as limit of the ratio of consecutive terms of the Fibonacci sequence, and we give an explanation of this property in the framework of the Difference Equations Theory. We show that the Golden ratio coincides with this limit not because it is the root with maximum modulus and multiplicity of the characteristic polynomial, but, from a more general point of view, because it is the root with maximum modulus and multiplicity of a restricted set of roots, which in this special case coincides with the two roots of the characteristic polynomial. This new perspective is the heart of the characterization of the limit of ratio of consecutive terms of all linear homogeneous recurrences with constant coefficients, without any assumption on the roots of the characteristic polynomial, which may be, in particular, also complex and not real.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Fiorenza & Giovanni Vincenzi, 2013. "From Fibonacci Sequence to the Golden Ratio," Journal of Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2013, pages 1-3, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:hin:jjmath:204674
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/204674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fiorenza, Alberto & Vincenzi, Giovanni, 2011. "Limit of ratio of consecutive terms for general order-k linear homogeneous recurrences with constant coefficients," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 145-152.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ivana Matoušová & Pavel Trojovský, 2020. "On Coding by (2, q )-Distance Fibonacci Numbers," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Anatriello, Giuseppina & Németh, László & Vincenzi, Giovanni, 2022. "Generalized Pascal’s triangles and associated k-Padovan-like sequences," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 278-290.

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