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Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the Subsecond Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Schäfer
  • Leonardo Rydin Gorjão
  • G. Cigdem Yalcin
  • Ellen Förstner
  • Richard Jumar
  • Heiko Maass
  • Uwe Kühnapfel
  • Veit Hagenmeyer
  • Hiroki Sayama

Abstract

Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display multifractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator of the balance of supply and demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a mostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved measurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency, making three key contributions: First, we demonstrate the existence of power laws in power-grid frequency measurements. Second, we show that below one second, the dynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power spectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation behavior. Third, we provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively correlated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to frequency-dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality measurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Schäfer & Leonardo Rydin Gorjão & G. Cigdem Yalcin & Ellen Förstner & Richard Jumar & Heiko Maass & Uwe Kühnapfel & Veit Hagenmeyer & Hiroki Sayama, 2023. "Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the Subsecond Scale," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2023, pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:hin:complx:2657039
    DOI: 10.1155/2023/2657039
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