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Abstract
En este artículo se analizan las distintas formas existentes de desalinizar sin emitir CO2 a la atmósfera, y las oportunidades empresariales que han surgido fruto de la preocupación en torno a los efectos medioambientales de la desalación. Las emisiones no derivan del propio proceso de la desalinización, si no que se deben a las fuentes energéticas que son empleadas para llevar a cabo el proceso. En este sentido, si cambiamos el modo de abastecer energéticamente a las desaladoras, podremos evitar las emisiones de CO2. Sin embargo, tal y como se analiza en este artículo, el evitar estas emisiones nos hace incurrir en otros costes. Si bien recurrimos a la energía nuclear, sabemos que existe un riesgo de sufrir un escape, un coste social y que hay que gestionar unos residuos nucleares. Por otro lado, si recurrimos a las energías renovables, hemos de incurrir en un importante coste de inversión. Actualmente en España, la electricidad proviene en distintas proporciones de combustibles fósiles, energía nuclear, y energías renovables. In this article are analyzed the different existing forms to desalinate, without CO2 emissions. The emissions do not derive from the desalination process, the cause are the sources that are used to carry out the process. In this sense, if we changed the way to supply the power, we will be able to avoid the CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, as it is analyzed in this article, avoiding these emissions we incur other costs. If we resorted to the nuclear power, we know that we must to manage nuclear residues. On the other hand, if we resorted to the renewable energies, we have to incur in the important cost of investment. In the present in Spain, the electricity comes in different proportions from fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energies.
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