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Enhancing the Durability of Calcareous Stone Monuments of Ancient Egypt Using CaCO 3 Nanoparticles

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad A. Aldoasri

    (National Nanotechnology Research Center, King Abdulalziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sawsan S. Darwish

    (Department of conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, Giza 12221, Egypt)

  • Mahmoud A. Adam

    (Department of conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, Giza 12221, Egypt)

  • Nagib A. Elmarzugi

    (Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University and National Nanotechnology Project, Biotechnology Research Center, LARST, P.O. Box 13100, Tripoli, Libya)

  • Sayed M. Ahmed

    (Ministry of Antiquities, The grand Egyptian Museum, Giza 12556, Egypt)

Abstract

The unwanted changes in valuable historic calcareous stone monuments due to exposure to many physical and chemical effects may lead to its deterioration. The growing interest in the field of conservation of stone monuments encourages the development of consolidation and water-repellent materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CaCO 3 nanoparticles as a consolidation and protection material for calcareous stone monuments, when those nanoparticles used are dispersed in acrylic copolymer; polyethylmethacrylate (EMA)/methylacrylate (MA) (70/30), respectively. Samples were subjected to artificial aging by relative humidity/temperature to show the optimum conditions of durability and the effectiveness of the nano-mixture in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the stone material. The synthesis process of CaCO 3 nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization system. The prepared nanocomposites with 0.15 g CaCO 3 nanoparticles showed obvious transparency features and represent nanocomposites coating technology with hydrophobic, consolidating and good protection properties. Some tests were performed in order to estimate the superficial consolidating and protective effect of the treatment. The obtained nanocomposites have been characterized by TEM, while the surface morphology before and after treatment and homogeneous distribution of used consolidation materials on stone surface were examined by SEM. Improvement of stone mechanical properties was evaluated by compressive strength tests. Change in water-interaction properties was evaluated by water absorption capillarity measurements, and colorimetric measurements were used to evaluate the optical appearance. Taken together, the results indicate that CaCO 3 /polymer nanocomposite is a completely compatible, efficient material for the consolidation of artistic and architectural limestone monuments capable of enhancing the durability of limestone toward artificial aging and improving the stone mechanical properties compared to the samples treated with pure acrylic copolymer without Calcium carbonate nanoparticles.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad A. Aldoasri & Sawsan S. Darwish & Mahmoud A. Adam & Nagib A. Elmarzugi & Sayed M. Ahmed, 2017. "Enhancing the Durability of Calcareous Stone Monuments of Ancient Egypt Using CaCO 3 Nanoparticles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:8:p:1392-:d:107725
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana J. López & Alberto Ramil & José S. Pozo-Antonio & Teresa Rivas & Dolores Pereira, 2019. "Ultrafast Laser Surface Texturing: A Sustainable Tool to Modify Wettability Properties of Marble," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-17, July.

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