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Evaluating the Potential of Variable Renewable Energy for a Balanced Isolated Grid: A Japanese Case Study

Author

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  • Mai Inoue

    (Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan)

  • Yutaka Genchi

    (Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan)

  • Yuki Kudoh

    (Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan)

Abstract

There is a global push to develop renewable energy to further a low-carbon society. However, the nature of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources such as wind power and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems may create problems because electricity grids require a stable power supply to match demand. To evaluate the potential capacity of VREs that may be installed, we develop an optimized model that balances power supply and demand and also considers grid balancing by battery storage and load frequency control. The model was applied to a case study of an isolated grid on a remote Japanese island. When set to optimize the grid in terms of lowest cost, the model suggested that, compared with the base case, the capacity of wind power should be increased by a factor of 1.7 and 15.8 for situations without and with battery storage, respectively. Since it was always considered to be more expensive than wind power, no change in solar PV capacity was observed. These approaches resulted in a decrease in the total power generation cost of 2% and 24%, respectively, while total CO 2 emissions fell by 3% and 52%, primarily driven by decreased used of the existing fossil-fueled thermal plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Mai Inoue & Yutaka Genchi & Yuki Kudoh, 2017. "Evaluating the Potential of Variable Renewable Energy for a Balanced Isolated Grid: A Japanese Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:119-:d:87854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Matthew, George Jr. & Nuttall, William J. & Mestel, Ben & Dooley, Laurence S., 2019. "Low carbon futures: Confronting electricity challenges on island systems," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 36-50.
    3. Wakiyama, Takako & Kuriyama, Akihisa, 2018. "Assessment of renewable energy expansion potential and its implications on reforming Japan's electricity system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 302-316.
    4. Cao Yu & Yong Sheng Khoo & Jing Chai & Shuwei Han & Jianxi Yao, 2019. "Optimal Orientation and Tilt Angle for Maximizing in-Plane Solar Irradiation for PV Applications in Japan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-8, April.

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