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Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wetland Plants: Implications for Efficient Eutrophication Control

Author

Listed:
  • Keyang Wu

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Lin Chen

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Qian Wang

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Yuanyuan Li

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Yu Zheng

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Qihao Ma

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Haiyang Li

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Yu Zhang

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Fengmin Li

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
    Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China)

Abstract

Eutrophication challenges aquatic ecosystems, with wetland plants serving as sustainable sources of in situ remediation for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal. The limited understanding of seasonal nutrient dynamics hinders sustainable management development. This review classifies wetland plants by growth patterns: spring–summer growth plants (SSPs), spring–summer–autumn growth plants (SSAPs), and all-year-round growth plants (APs). SSPs exhibit peak N/P in spring–summer, SSAPs sustain high levels in autumn, while APs maintain stable contents through cold-tolerant sustainability. Perennials achieve sustainable cycling by seasonally storing N/P in tissues and redistributing them in spring. We propose the following sustainable harvesting protocols: harvest SSPs pre-September, SSAPs by November, and retain APs over winter. Height-controlled harvesting during growth peaks enhances removal while preserving regeneration. Strategic combinations of SSPs, SSAPs, and APs ensure sustainable, efficient nutrient removal across hydrological/climatic conditions, supporting wetland conservation.

Suggested Citation

  • Keyang Wu & Lin Chen & Qian Wang & Yuanyuan Li & Yu Zheng & Qihao Ma & Haiyang Li & Yu Zhang & Fengmin Li, 2025. "Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wetland Plants: Implications for Efficient Eutrophication Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:8:p:3443-:d:1633403
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