A Risk Management Framework to Enhance Environmental Sustainability in Industrial Symbiosis Ecosystems

Industrial symbiosis (IS) fosters collaboration between industries to exchange materials, energy, water, and by-products. It contributes to environmental and economic sustainability by reducing resource consumption, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, and generating economic benefits. However, managing risks in these exchanges presents challenges, particularly as materials like waste and by-products fall outside traditional supply chain practices. This paper introduces the Industrial Collaborative Risk Management (ICRM) Methodology, an extended Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach specifically designed for collaborative industrial ecosystems. The ICRM methodology provides a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, prioritizing risks, and implementing corrective actions, enabling the reliable implementation of IS. By effectively managing risks, this methodology minimizes disruptions in material and energy exchanges, strengthens the resilience of industrial ecosystems, and enhances their environmental ambitions. The methodology supports cross-sectoral communication, facilitates knowledge exchange, and promotes trust among stakeholders. A real IS case study demonstrates the ICRM methodology’s ability to document interrelations, standardize risk evaluation, and propose mitigation strategies. This work provides IS facilitators with a practical tool for effective risk management in complex industrial environments and lays the foundation for future applications in diverse ecosystems.