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System Dynamics for Manufacturing: Supply Chain Simulation of Hemp-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufacturing for Sustainability

Author

Listed:
  • Gurinder Kaur

    (School of Design and Engineering, Kanbar College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA)

  • Ronald Kander

    (School of Design and Engineering, Kanbar College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA)

Abstract

Supply chain management (SCM) involves complexities and uncertainties in the flow of goods and services from raw materials to end users. Inaccurate estimation of raw materials, labor, or equipment can lead to financial losses and environmental impacts. This study explores the application of system dynamics modeling (SDM) in manufacturing hemp-reinforced polymer composites (HRPC) to optimize resource usage. Using SDM software STELLA ® (Version 3.7.3), selected for its affordability and features, the research demonstrates how system dynamics (SD) can enhance sustainability by minimizing materials, labor, and equipment, reducing energy consumption. A literature review identified a gap in existing research, as we found no prior studies simulating HRPC manufacturing using SDM. The study concludes that SDM is an effective tool for optimizing resource use and improving manufacturing efficiency. By simulating multiple supply chain scenarios in a risk-free environment, the model helps reduce resource consumption and enhance sustainability. Additionally, outputs from the STELLA ® model can be used as inputs for life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantitatively measure environmental impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Gurinder Kaur & Ronald Kander, 2025. "System Dynamics for Manufacturing: Supply Chain Simulation of Hemp-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufacturing for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:2:p:765-:d:1570703
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gurinder Kaur & Ronald Kander, 2023. "Supply Chain Simulation of Manufacturing Shirts Using System Dynamics for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Gurinder Kaur & Ronald Kander, 2023. "The Sustainability of Industrial Hemp: A Literature Review of Its Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Georgiadis, Patroklos & Vlachos, Dimitrios, 2004. "The effect of environmental parameters on product recovery," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(2), pages 449-464, September.
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