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Sustainability Impact Evaluation of the Recycling of End-of-Life Crystalline Silicon Solar Photovoltaic Panel Waste in South Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Soonho Kwon

    (College of Law, Public Administration and Police, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si 54150, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea)

  • Hae Jong Kim

    (Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea)

  • Samyeon Kim

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea)

  • Sung Joo Hong

    (Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
    Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The end-of-life (EoL) management of solar panel waste has emerged as an important issue related to first-generation solar panels in South Korea, which have already entered their retirement stage. In this study, the sustainability impacts of three scenarios for recycling EoL solar panels, namely mechanical recycling (MR), chemical recycling (CR), and thermal recycling (TR), were investigated, and their environmental and economic benefits were evaluated using the life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) method, with landfilling as the reference scenario. The results obtained showed a high global warming potential (GWP) as well as acidification for MR owing to the additional burden of transportation and industrial processes associated with MR. For CR, the use of chemicals and subsequent landfilling resulted in approximately 4.7 times higher terrestrial eco-toxicity than was observed for the landfilling scenario. Further, the GWP of TR was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of CR owing to its high energy consumption. However, its environmental burden was generally lower than that of MR and CR. The results of this study, which capture the current situation of EoL PV panels in South Korea, can be employed to facilitate the establishment of regulations that ensure sustainable management in this regard.

Suggested Citation

  • Soonho Kwon & Hae Jong Kim & Samyeon Kim & Sung Joo Hong, 2025. "Sustainability Impact Evaluation of the Recycling of End-of-Life Crystalline Silicon Solar Photovoltaic Panel Waste in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:2:p:431-:d:1562599
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mariusz Niekurzak & Wojciech Lewicki & Hasan Huseyin Coban & Agnieszka Brelik, 2023. "Conceptual Design of a Semi-Automatic Process Line for Recycling Photovoltaic Panels as a Way to Ecological Sustainable Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Ansanelli, G. & Fiorentino, G. & Tammaro, M. & Zucaro, A., 2021. "A Life Cycle Assessment of a recovery process from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
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