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Wastewater Reuse in the EU and Southern European Countries: Policies, Barriers and Good Practices

Author

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  • Jurgita Malinauskaite

    (Brunel Law School, College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
    Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Bertrand Delpech

    (Institute of Energy Futures, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Luca Montorsi

    (Department of Science and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
    InterMech—MO.RE., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy)

  • Matteo Venturelli

    (Department of Science and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy)

  • Wolfgang Gernjak

    (Catalan Institute of Water Research-CERCA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Morgan Abily

    (Catalan Institute of Water Research-CERCA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), University of Girona, Plaza de Sant Domenec, 17004 Girona, Spain)

  • Tadej Stepišnik Perdih

    (School of Civil Engineering, Zographou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15773 Athens, Greece)

  • Eleni Nyktari

    (School of Civil Engineering, Zographou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15773 Athens, Greece)

  • Hussam Jouhara

    (Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
    Institute of Energy Futures, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK)

Abstract

Ensuring sustainable consumption of water, which is essential for human development, is not sufficient, therefore, there is an urgent need to improve reuse of treated wastewater. This paper reviews the newest EU legislation related to reclaimed water reuse, which is the main driver for change. While there are some positive developments in the EU, the paper argues that the current EU legislation does not sufficiently encourage circular solutions, especially on how to deal with any bottleneck effects, which prevent to fully utilise wastewater. This reflection is noted based on the national and regional developments in Italy with some comparison with other Southern countries, such as Greece and Spain in attempt to identify good practices as well as any barriers for the reclaimed water to be reused.

Suggested Citation

  • Jurgita Malinauskaite & Bertrand Delpech & Luca Montorsi & Matteo Venturelli & Wolfgang Gernjak & Morgan Abily & Tadej Stepišnik Perdih & Eleni Nyktari & Hussam Jouhara, 2024. "Wastewater Reuse in the EU and Southern European Countries: Policies, Barriers and Good Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:24:p:11277-:d:1550380
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Omar Alagha & Ahmed Allazem & Alaadin A. Bukhari & Ismail Anil & Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu, 2020. "Suitability of SBR for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Pilot-Scale Reactor Operated in Different Anoxic Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-13, March.
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