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Urban Heat Island Differentiation and Influencing Factors: A Local Climate Zone Perspective

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  • Shunbin Ning

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yuan Zhou

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Manlin Wang

    (Chengdu Economic Development Academy (Chengdu Economic Information Centre), Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Bei Li

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China)

  • Pengyao Li

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China)

  • Li Zhang

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China)

  • Yushu Luo

    (School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China)

Abstract

With the acceleration of urbanization, the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a major environmental challenge, severely affecting the quality of life of residents and the ecological environment. Quantitative analysis of the factors influencing urban heat island intensity (UHII) is crucial for precise urban planning. Although extensive research has investigated the causes of UHI effects and their spatial variability, most studies focus on macro-scale analyses, overlooking the spatial heterogeneity of thermal characteristics within local climate zones (LCZs) under rapid urbanization. To address this gap, this study took the central urban area of Chengdu, constructing a LCZ map using multisource remote sensing data. Moran’s Index was employed to analyze the spatial clustering effects of UHI across different LCZs. By constructing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models, the study further explored the influencing factors within these climate zones. The results showed that: (1) Chengdu’s built and natural environments had comparable proportions, with the scattered building zone comprising the highest proportion at 22.12% in the built environment, and the low vegetation zone accounting for 21.8% in the natural environment. The UHII values in this study ranged from 10.2 °C to −1.58 °C, based on specific measurement conditions. Since UHII varied with meteorological conditions, time, seasons, and the selection of rural reference points, these values represented dynamic results during the study period and were not constant. (2) Chengdu’s urban spatial morphology and UHII exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, with a global Moran’s I index of 0.734, indicating a high degree of spatial correlation. The highest local Moran’s I value was found in the proportion of impervious surfaces (0.776), while the lowest is in the floor area ratio (0.176). (3) The GWR model demonstrated greater explanatory power compared to the OLS model, with a fit of 0.827. The impact of spatial morphological factors on UHII varied significantly across different environments, with the most substantial difference observed in the sky view factor, which has a standard deviation of 13.639. The findings provide precise recommendations for ecological spatial planning, aiming to mitigate the UHI effect and enhance the quality of life for urban residents.

Suggested Citation

  • Shunbin Ning & Yuan Zhou & Manlin Wang & Bei Li & Pengyao Li & Li Zhang & Yushu Luo, 2024. "Urban Heat Island Differentiation and Influencing Factors: A Local Climate Zone Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-26, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:9103-:d:1503172
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yinuo Xu & Wei Hou & Chunxiao Zhang, 2023. "Spatial Association Rules and Thermal Environment Differentiation Evaluation of Local Climate Zone and Urban Functional Zone," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Kaixu Zhao & Mingyue Qi & Xi Yan & Linyu Li & Xiaojun Huang, 2023. "Dynamic Impact of Urban Built Environment on Land Surface Temperature Considering Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Perspective of Local Climate Zone," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Mengyu Huang & Shaobo Zhong & Xin Mei & Jin He, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Urban Heat Island Effect of Several Contemporary and Historical Chinese “Stove Cities”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Yuan Zhou & Jing Yao & Mingkun Chen & Mi Tang, 2023. "Optimizing an Urban Green Space Ecological Network by Coupling Structural and Functional Connectivity: A Case for Biodiversity Conservation Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
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