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Investigating Alternative Water Supply in Settlements: Cases from Turkana County in Kenya and Orangi in Karachi, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Noman Ahmed

    (Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Sohail

    (School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK)

  • Johana Ekwam

    (Catholic Relief Service, Lodwar 30500, Kenya)

Abstract

In urban areas, water is usually provided through piped systems from specific sources to consumers. Cities, towns, and peri-urban settlements typically benefit from piped systems, while rural areas rely on water supplies from surface sources like rivers and canals, as well as ground sources such as wells and tube wells. When traditional methods fail, alternative water supply systems emerge in both urban and rural areas. This paper addresses the question of whether alternative water supply arrangements are sustainable in terms of system reliability, consumer acceptance, cost-effectiveness, convenience, perceptions of service levels, and ease of access to service providers. This paper examines the status of alternative water supply arrangements in Turkana County, Kenya, and Orangi in Karachi, Pakistan, using qualitative methods. It highlights that underprivileged communities commonly turn to alternative water supply arrangements when conventional methods are unavailable or underperforming.

Suggested Citation

  • Noman Ahmed & Muhammad Sohail & Johana Ekwam, 2024. "Investigating Alternative Water Supply in Settlements: Cases from Turkana County in Kenya and Orangi in Karachi, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:19:p:8725-:d:1495136
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmed, Noman, 2008. "Water Supply in Karachi: Issues and Prospects," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195474961.
    2. L J Philip, 1998. "Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Social Research in Human Geography—An Impossible Mixture?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 30(2), pages 261-276, February.
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