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Automatic Generation Control in Renewables-Integrated Multi-Area Power Systems: A Comparative Control Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Tayyab Ashfaq

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Sidra Mumtaz

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Saghir Ahmad

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Basharat Ullah

    (Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Fahad R. Albogamy

    (Turabah University College, Department of Mathematics, Computer Sciences Program, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Electrical load dynamics result in system instability if not met with adequate power generation. Therefore, monitoring and control plans are necessary to avoid potential consequences. Tie-line-bias control has facilitated power exchange between interconnected areas to cope with load dynamics. However, this approach presents a challenge, as load variation in either area leads to frequency deviations and power irregularities in each of the interconnected areas, which is undesirable. The load frequency control loop method is used to address this issue, which utilizes area control errors. This study focuses on the control of inter-area oscillations in a six-area power system under the effect of renewable energy sources. It evaluates the area control errors in response to changes in load and the penetration of renewable energy into the system. To mitigate these errors efficiently, an adaptive-PID controller is proposed, and its results are compared with PI and PID controllers optimized with heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms. The findings demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller over traditional controllers in mitigating tie-line power errors and frequency deviations in each area of the interconnected power system, thus helping to mitigate inter-area oscillations and restore system stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Tayyab Ashfaq & Sidra Mumtaz & Saghir Ahmad & Basharat Ullah & Fahad R. Albogamy, 2024. "Automatic Generation Control in Renewables-Integrated Multi-Area Power Systems: A Comparative Control Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:13:p:5735-:d:1429167
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    Cited by:

    1. Amar Maafa & Hacene Mellah & Karim Benaouicha & Badreddine Babes & Abdelghani Yahiou & Hamza Sahraoui, 2024. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Smart Control of Wind Energy Conversion System Using Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-21, October.

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