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Synergistic Evolution of PM 2.5 and O 3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

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  • Guangzhi Qi

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
    Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yi Miao

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
    Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fucong Xie

    (International Department, Shandong Experimental High School, Jinan 250116, China)

  • Chao Teng

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
    Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China)

  • Chengxin Wang

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
    Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China)

  • Zhibao Wang

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
    Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China)

Abstract

Air pollution, especially the synergistic pollution of PM 2.5 and O 3 , poses a severe threat to human life and production. The synergistic formation mechanism of PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution is relatively confirmed, while research on their spatiotemporal synergy is urgent. Based on remotely sensed interpretation data from 90 cities in the Yellow River Basin, we analyzed the synergistic evolution of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations during 2013–2020. Combined with the environmental Kuznets curve, we performed factor analysis using a panel regression model. The synergistic evolution pattern shows a gradual decrease in PM 2.5 concentration and a gradual increase in O 3 concentration. There is a strong spatial auto-correlation in the two pollutants’ concentrations. The relationship between economy and PM 2.5 concentration shows an “N-shaped” curve, while that between O 3 concentration and economic development presents an inverse “N-shaped” curve. The environmental Kuznets curve shows that the deterioration of O 3 pollution takes place later than the mitigation of PM 2.5 pollution. Various factors have obvious heterogeneous effects on PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations. Meanwhile, the sensitivity effect of per capita GDP on PM 2.5 concentration in the midstream region is stronger than that in the upstream region, while the sensitivity effect of per capita GDP on O 3 concentration is strongest in the midstream region than that in upstream and downstream region.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangzhi Qi & Yi Miao & Fucong Xie & Chao Teng & Chengxin Wang & Zhibao Wang, 2024. "Synergistic Evolution of PM 2.5 and O 3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:11:p:4744-:d:1407488
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huaxue Zhao & Yu Cheng & Ruijing Zheng, 2022. "Impact of the Digital Economy on PM 2.5 : Experience from the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Gene M. Grossman & Alan B. Krueger, 1995. "Economic Growth and the Environment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(2), pages 353-377.
    3. Dan Wang & Yan Liu & Yu Cheng, 2023. "Effects and Spatial Spillover of Manufacturing Agglomeration on Carbon Emissions in the Yellow River Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Yu Chen & Shuangshuang Liu & Wenbo Ma & Qian Zhou, 2023. "Assessment of the Carrying Capacity and Suitability of Spatial Resources and the Environment and Diagnosis of Obstacle Factors in the Yellow River Basin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-26, February.
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