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Effect of the Spading Machine on Various Soil Parameters at Different Tillage Depths

Author

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  • Neeraj Kumar Singh

    (Krishi Vigyan Kendra—Bahraich-I, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya 224229, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Baldev Dogra

    (College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India)

  • Gursahib Singh Manes

    (Directorate of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India)

  • Dilwar Singh Parihar

    (International Rice Research Institute, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India)

  • Ali Salem

    (Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
    Structural Diagnostics and Analysis Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Ahmed Elbeltagi

    (Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the spading machine as a sustainable tillage tool at different depths of tillage on soil parameters. The spading machine was evaluated for two independent parameters: soil type and depth of cut. The observed dependent parameters were the bulk density of soil, mean clod size, soil strength, torque requirement, fuel consumption, and cost of operation. The bulk density varied from 1.18 to 1.39 g/cm 3 , the mean clod size between 12.72 and 68.37 mm, the soil strength between 69 and 4714.5 kPa, the torque requirement between 206 and 344.62 N-m, the fuel consumption between 13.60 and 21.83 l/ha, and cost of operation ranged between 2670.37 INR/ha (34.71 USD/ha) and 3635.87 INR/ha (47.27 USD/ha). It was observed that with the increase in tillage depth, the dependent parameters were also increasing, except the cost of operation varied nonsignificantly. In comparison to the spading machine, other primary tillage tools resulted in higher bulk density and fuel consumption, whereas mean clod size and cost of operation were reported higher except for the rotary tillage tool. Thus, the spading machine could be a sustainable tillage tool for long-term agricultural goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Neeraj Kumar Singh & Baldev Dogra & Gursahib Singh Manes & Dilwar Singh Parihar & Ali Salem & Ahmed Elbeltagi, 2024. "Effect of the Spading Machine on Various Soil Parameters at Different Tillage Depths," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:11:p:4334-:d:1398748
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Kroll & Anne Warchold & Prajal Pradhan, 2019. "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-11, December.
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