Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Faecal Sterols in Marine Sediments: An Evidence of Their Presence away from Point Sources–Kuwait’s Example
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Abstract
- 0.2 at 68% of the sampling sites, suggesting a large spatial distribution of sewage contamination beyond the discharge points. The positive correlation of faecal sterols with AMR provides an insight that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can spread to areas away from point sources. We propose that sterol ratios be considered as a screening tool for selecting the sites for AMR assessment. The analyses of sterols will be less time and cost-intensive compared to pharmaceutical analyses and can be a reliable indicator for AMR studies in areas where prior knowledge and experience are lacking.
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- Hanan A. Al-Sarawi & Afrah B. Najem & Brett P. Lyons & Saif Uddin & Mohammad A. Al-Sarawi, 2022. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Marine Sediment Samples from Kuwait Bay," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-11, September.
- Martinez, M.L. & Intralawan, A. & Vazquez, G. & Perez-Maqueo, O. & Sutton, P. & Landgrave, R., 2007. "The coasts of our world: Ecological, economic and social importance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2-3), pages 254-272, August.
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Keywords
sterols; faecal contamination; coprostanol; cholesterol; pharmaceuticals;All these keywords.
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