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Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature

Author

Listed:
  • Musa Adamu

    (Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Yasser E. Ibrahim

    (Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Oussama Elalaoui

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hani Alanazi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nageh M. Ali

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt)

Abstract

Date palm fiber (DPF) is one of the abundant solid waste materials in the agriculture sector in Saudi Arabia, and it is gaining great attraction due to its advantages compared to synthetic and other natural fibers. For proper utilization of DPF in cementitious composites, its performance under high temperatures needs to be understood. This is because DPF is a cellulose-based agricultural fiber material and is expected to degrade when subjected to high temperatures. This will cause a significant loss in strength and structural integrity of the composites. The use of Pozzolanic materials has been reported to reduce the loss in mechanical properties of cementitious composites under high temperatures. With powdered activated carbon (PAC) being a low-cost material compared to other Pozzolanic materials, this study utilized PAC as an additive to the DPF-reinforced concrete to mitigate its loss in mechanical strength when exposed to elevated temperature. The experiment was designed using response surface methodology (RSM), which was used to construct mathematical models for estimating the strengths of the concrete exposed to high temperatures. The DPF was added at proportions of 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement. Similarly, the PAC was added at 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement to the concrete. The concrete was subjected to elevated temperatures of 300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C for a 2 h exposure period. The degradation of the concrete in terms of mass loss and the compressive strength of the concrete after heating were measured. DPF in the concrete led to an escalation in weight loss and reduction in strength, which was more pronounced at a temperature of 600 °C and above. The addition of PAC resulted in an enhancement in the strengths of the concrete containing up to 2% DPF at 300 °C, while at 600 °C the improvement was minimal. The models developed for predicting the mass loss and strengths of the DPF-reinforced concrete under high temperatures were statistically significant with a high correlation degree. Based on the optimization results, DPF-reinforced concrete produced with 1% DPF, and 2.27% PAC as additives and subjected to a temperature of 300 °C for 2 h yielded the lowest mass loss of 2.05%, highest residual compressive strength and relative strength of 45.85 MPa and 106.7% respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Musa Adamu & Yasser E. Ibrahim & Oussama Elalaoui & Hani Alanazi & Nageh M. Ali, 2023. "Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6369-:d:1118407
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Musa Adamu & Fayez Alanazi & Yasser E. Ibrahim & Hani Alanazi & Veerendrakumar C. Khed, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Natural Fiber in Cementitious Composites: The Date Palm Fiber Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-31, May.
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