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Prediction of Bay-Shaped Shorelines between Detached Breakwaters with Various Gap Spacings

Author

Listed:
  • Ching-Piao Tsai

    (Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan)

  • Ying-Chi Chen

    (Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
    National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung 806, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Han Ko

    (Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan)

Abstract

Detached breakwaters are widely used for shore protection. The planforms of tombolos or salients behind structures have also been used to provide a recreational and sustainable coastal environment. In this study, the comprehensive XBeach model was used to numerically simulate the evolution of wave transformation, nearshore current, and morphological changes in tombolo planforms behind detached breakwaters. Given various gap spacings between consecutive breakwaters, the numerical results indicated that both equilibrium bay-shaped shorelines and bottom profiles form in the lee of detached breakwaters after long-term persistent wave action. These equilibrium shorelines and bottom profiles were verified using well-known empirical formulas. Post-wave-action retreat displacement to the initial shoreline was analyzed, and an empirical relationship was proposed for predicting the equilibrium bay-shaped shoreline. By associating the empirical formula with a parabolic bay-shape equation, some actual beaches were evaluated to validate the predictions of equilibrium shorelines behind detached breakwaters. In conclusion, to appropriately plan the layouts of breakwaters, bay-shaped shorelines of tombolo planforms in the lee of detached breakwaters can be predicted at the design stage by using the proposed relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Ching-Piao Tsai & Ying-Chi Chen & Chun-Han Ko, 2023. "Prediction of Bay-Shaped Shorelines between Detached Breakwaters with Various Gap Spacings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:6218-:d:1115873
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. M. Smallegan & J. L. Irish & A. R. Dongeren, 2017. "Developed barrier island adaptation strategies to hurricane forcing under rising sea levels," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 143(1), pages 173-184, July.
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